Tranexamic Acid

What it is

Tranexamic Acid is a synthetic derivative of the Amino Acid Lysine, primarily known for its use in reducing excessive bleeding. In skincare, it has gained popularity for its ability to address hyperpigmentation and melasma.

How it works in skincare

In dermatology, it is used in serums, creams and peels to reduce dark spots and even out skin tone. It works by interfering with the pathways that lead to melanin production, making it a powerful tool for brightening the skin.

The benefits of Tranexamic Acid include visibly lighter pigmentation, improved skin clarity and a more even complexion. It’s gentle enough for sensitive skin and effective in treating conditions such as melasma, particularly when combined with other brightening agents such as vitamin C or niacinamide.

Timed-Release Antioxidants

What they are

Timed-release antioxidants are antioxidant ingredients engineered to release gradually over time, rather than delivering their effect all at once. This controlled delivery helps maintain antioxidant activity for longer and improves overall tolerability.

How they work in skincare

By releasing slowly, timed-release antioxidants provide sustained protection against free radical damage throughout the day or night. This improves ingredient stability, reduces the risk of irritation and ensures ongoing defence against environmental stressors such as UV exposure and pollution.

One of the most popular examples of time-released antioxidants is encapsulated vitamin C. The active ingredient is protected within a delivery system that allows it to be released gradually into the skin. The slow release system helps preserve potency while reducing the stinging or sensitivity some people experience with traditional vitamin C formulas. Other examples include time-released vitamin E and coenzyme Q10, offering longer-lasting antioxidant support without overwhelming the skin.

Timed-release systems are especially helpful for sensitive skin and for those using active ingredients such as retinoids and exfoliating acids. They are also well-suited to people who prefer a simple, low-maintenance routine, offering consistent antioxidant protection without the need for frequent reapplication or layering multiple products.

Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL)

What it is

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is the natural process of water evaporating from the skin into the air. It is a normal part of skin function, but when it is too high, it can lead to dryness, irritation and a weakened skin barrier.

Skin dehydration – High levels of water loss means the skin loses too much water, making it feel tight, rough or flaky.

Barrier damage – Excessive water loss can weaken the skin’s protective layer, leading to sensitivity and inflammation.

Premature ageing – A compromised barrier can make the skin more prone to fine lines and environmental damage.

How it works in skincare

Skincare products can strengthen the skin barrier and locking in moisture. Ingredients such as ceramides, glycerin, hyaluronic acid and fatty acids help trap water and repair the skin’s natural defences. Using moisturisers that contain both humectants (to attract water) and occlusives (to seal it in) is key.

High TEWL is common in conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and after overusing exfoliating acids or retinoids. If the barrier is damaged, harsh products can make it worse. Choosing gentle, barrier-supporting skincare is important when it is a concern.

Tranexamic Acid

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